These stresses are measured when the ship is not under way. They are often caused…

Hogging stress The length of the vessel may be considered to act like a long…

sagging stress ‘Sagging’ is the direct opposite of hogging. When a vessel is supported at bow…

Countermeasures against various stresses : It is the shipowner’s responsibility to ensure that his vessel is…

Cargo ships are classified into various types on the basis of purpose, size, type of…